Extract from the FATF report on Netherlands:
In 2006, the Utrecht School of Economics published a study funded by the Dutch Ministry of Finance, on “The Amounts and Effects of Money Laundering.” On a macro level the academics calculated that about EUR18 billion are laundered in or through the Netherlands each year. Although the estimate received a lot of criticism, it nevertheless provides an indication. This study estimated the money generated in the Netherlands which is laundered in the Netherlands itself at EUR3.8 billion, and the flow to the Netherlands from abroad at EUR14 billion.30 According to this study, most of the money generated for laundering comes from drugs and fraud.
In order to account for criticism and to integrate more recent information, we calculate estimates of proceeds of crime generated in the Netherlands (see table below).. Real estate was seen as a very important method to launder money. Other forms of money laundering that the report mentions are bank transactions, back-to-back loans, money transfers, money exchange offices, trust offices, casinos, underground banking, cash smuggling and special purpose entities.
Ref:here